Method and system for qualifying keywords in query strings

ABSTRACT

A method and system for qualifying keyword(s) or phrase(s) to formulate a query string for submitting a search request when the query string contains one or more keywords that may have multiple meanings associated therewith. Database information containing keywords and associated meanings or forms of the keywords is maintained and a requester is prompted to identify one or more of the meanings of a keyword when building the query string. One or more advertisements pertaining to the associated meanings or forms of the keywords in the query string is presented to the requester submitting a search request.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to and claims the benefit of U.S.Application Ser. No. 60/807,421, filed Jul. 14, 2006, inventor Scott A.Jones, et al., titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR QUALIFYING KEYWORDS IN QUERYSTRINGS, and U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/824,394, filed Sep. 1, 2006,inventor Scott A. Jones, et al., titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR QUALIFYINGKEYWORDS IN QUERY STRINGS, in the United States Patent and TrademarkOffice, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present invention is directed to a search tool and, moreparticularly, to a method and system for qualifying keyword(s) orphrase(s) to formulate a query for submitting a search request. Thequalification of the keyword(s) or phrase(s) may be used to identify andselect providers, resources, advertisements, and/or results.

2. Description of the Related Art

Generally, users who want to locate information on the Internet submit asearch request to information resources such as search engines andretrieve desired information from results returned from the searchengines in response to the request. Typically search engines arekeyword-driven applications searching for information content indexed ina database as containing keyword(s) specified in the search requestsubmitted by a user and return web pages containing the specifiedkeyword(s). Due to the vast amount of information available on theInternet, relevancy of results returned from search engines are highlydependent on a query or keyword(s) formulated by a user seeking forinformation. However, current search engines and other similarinformation resources offer inadequate or no assistance to users informulating a query to better optimize results, thus requiring the usersto repeat searches and browse through returned results in order tolocate relevant information.

Technologies have been developed in an attempt to better assist users inseeking information on the Internet, such as specialized search enginessearching information of a particular subject area or type of data, metasearch engines such as Jux2, Dogpile®, etc., submitting a query tomultiple search engines, Internet directories categorizing links tovarious web sites, etc. However, searches using these and other similartechnologies require users, especially those without knowledge of aspecific uniform resource locator (URL) or features of an informationresource, to browse through contents of web pages to locate desiredinformation and do not provide support in formulating keyword(s) orphrase(s) for a search to assist the users in increasing the probabilityof accurate results.

The ability of current search technologies to find information dependson indices of information that can be queried for a keyword specified bya user and often causes large numbers of non-relevant results to bereturned to the user especially when the keyword has more than onemeaning. As such, results returned from search resources are oftenlimited by the quality of a request submitted by the user. For example,if a user submits, “what is the best selling apple product?” as a queryfor a search, the keyword “apple” may be queried to retrieve datapertaining to the fruit, products of the Apple® computer company,products of the Apple® record label, etc., due to various meanings thatmay be associated with the keyword “apple”.

In addition, when a keyword that has various associated meanings iscontained in a query, advertising information provided is oftennon-relevant to the meaning of the keyword desired by a user submittingthe query. Using the same example as above, when a user submits, “whatis the best selling apple product?” as a query for a search, advertisinginformation pertaining to products of the Apple® computer company areoften provided although use of the keyword “apple” in the query may bemeant to refer to the fruit.

Searching for desired information using typical information resourcescan be particularly time consuming for users of portable devices such ascellular phones, a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc., which havelimited display and input capabilities because current informationresources require users to frame queries without assistance and viewcontents of a broad list of web sites to obtain desired information fromsearch results returned by the information resources.

Although various search tools such as search engines, Internetdirectories, etc., are available, there is no known way of accuratelyand efficiently qualifying keyword(s) or phrase(s) for formulating orre-formulating a query to conduct a search.

SUMMARY

A system and method are disclosed to identify a meaning of a keywordbased on use of the keyword in search requests and results thereof anddisplay the identified meaning when the keyword is contained in asubsequent query string.

The system and method include tracking associated meanings of a keywordin relation to a search and qualifying the keyword in response to aselection from a list of meanings of the keyword when the keyword iscontained in a query.

An interface is disclosed for prompting a user to qualify a keyword orphrase while the user is formulating a query for a search. An interfaceis disclosed for prompting a guide or provider to qualify a keyword orphrase after a user has submitted a query for a search.

The system includes categorizing a keyword or phrase based on meaningsassociated therewith, storing usage information of the categorizedkeyword or phrase in accordance with corresponding use of meaningsassociated with the keyword or phrase and prompting a user to qualifythe keyword or phrase while the user is formulating a query containingthe keyword or phrase. The disclosed system is used to more preciselytarget providers, resources, advertisements and/or results, includingselecting advertisements to be delivered to users and/or providers in ahighly targeted way.

The system and method may use an entire current query (which may requirea user or a guide to categorize the query) and/or an entire previousquery(ies) (which may have been categorized by one or more previousguides and/or users) as a basis for prompting a user and/or guide togenerate a search query. A more detailed and/or less ambiguous query mayproduce a more precisely targeted search result(s), advertisement(s)and/or resource(s) for the user and/or provider. As a result, a userand/or guide may be able to form a more specific query which can producehis or her desired information without requiring review of searchresults and/or repetition of the search with a modified or similarquery.

As the database of search queries, results, advertisements, results andassociations among them increases the ability to create a highlytargeted search query using the system, method, interfaces and toolsdescribed herein may be enhanced.

These, together with other aspects and advantages which will besubsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, whereinlike numerals refer to like parts throughout.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for qualifying keywords andphrases for searches.

FIG. 1A is an exemplary tree illustrating categorization and/orsub-categorization of keyword(s).

FIG. 2 is an exemplary flowchart illustrating qualifying of a keyword orphrase.

FIG. 3 is a table illustrating a relationship between keywords,associated categories and usage of the keywords.

FIG. 4 is a table illustrating a relationship between phrases,associated categories and usage of the phrases.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) for qualifyingkeyword(s) in a query string.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary GUI for qualifying phrase(s) in a query string.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between qualifiedkeywords, paid searchers (or guides), previous results, resources, andadvertisements.

FIG. 8 is a relationship diagram illustrating correlation betweenqualified keywords and advertisements.

FIG. 9 is an exemplary GUI presented to a provider or guide to aid inqualifying keywords.

FIG. 10 is an exemplary GUI presented to a requester to aid inqualifying keywords.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary flowchart illustrating presenting a keywordcategory, recommended resources and targeted advertising.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodimentsdiscussed herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elementsthroughout. The embodiments are described below to explain the disclosedsystem and method by referring to the figures. It will nevertheless beunderstood that no limitation of the scope is thereby intended, suchalterations and further modifications in the illustrated device, andsuch further applications of the principles as illustrated therein beingcontemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to whichthe embodiments relate.

The disclosed search tool for qualifying keyword(s) and/or phrase(s)assists a requester (also variously known as a ChaCha® user, user,information seeker, or Infoseeker™) and/or a provider (also variouslyknown as a ChaCha® guide, guide, paid searcher, searcher, orPaidSearcher™) in structuring a query string for a search and therebyoptimizes search results returned. Similar methods may also be used intraditional search environments where there is only a requester or userof a search engine (and no provider). A requester may be an individualperson, a system, or an entity, etc., submitting a request seekinginformation for the requester or on behalf of another person,organization, entity, etc. A request is a query or keyword(s) submittedto seek information and may entail a fully formed question, sentence,keyword(s) or phrase(s), or any other type of query. A provider is ahuman searcher who has registered to accept requests and may be aprofessional, an amateur and/or volunteer searcher.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system 20 for qualifying keyword(s)and/or phrase(s) to be submitted for a search. The system 20 includessystem manager (server) 26 managing requests from requesters submittedusing devices 22 such as computer 22 a, handheld device 22 b, mobilephone 22 c or landline phone 22 d, or any other network enableddevice(s) via network 24 and delivering result(s) and/or statusinformation associated with requests from provider systems 28 vianetwork 24 a. The requester devices 22 may be any text- or speech-baseddevice using which a request may be submitted to system manager (server)26 via the network 24 and the provider systems 28 may be connected tothe system manager (server) 26 via the network 24 a or other network(s).

The requests from the requester devices 22 may be submitted via systemmanager (server) 26 to provider systems 28 for executing a providerassisted search via network 24 a, or may be processed by the systemmanager (server) 26 which would return results to the requester devices22 based on stored information in database 30. For ease of explanation,only a few provider systems 28 a through 28 c used by providers andrequester devices 22 a through 22 d used by information seekers areillustrated in FIG. 1; however, the present invention is not limited toany particular number of requester and/or provider systems. For example,at any given time, the system 20 may have hundreds or thousands ofprovider systems 28 available to accept requests and deliver results tovarious requesters, e.g., via requester devices 22. Similar to therequester devices 22, the provider systems 28 may be any text- orspeech-based systems such as a desktop or laptop system, a handhelddevice such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone,or any other device that allows a provider to receive, accept and/orfulfill requests submitted by requesters via text or speech entry.

When a requester opts to conduct a search without a provider(s)' (orguide(s)') assistance, a query of the requester may be submitted toresource(s) such as search engines, Internet directories, etc.,associated with that request for provider(s) registered to acceptrequests associated with the subject matter of the query. Theresource(s) may be supplied to the requester based on various factorssuch as subject matter, category(ies) and keyword(s) of the query, useof the resource(s) by provider(s) for one or more previous searches withcategory(ies) or keyword(s) related to the query, resource(s) selectedby system administrator(s) or expert provider(s) selected by the systemadministrator(s) as being most likely to produce relevant results, etc.Alternatively, a requester opting to conduct a search without providerassistance may be provided with information stored in the database 30such as response(s) to previous request(s), data gathered by provider(s)for responding to request(s), etc., which may be utilized to produceautomated results in response to a request by the requester. Forexample, a provider associated with a particular subject matter maymemorialize information pertaining to the subject matter, which in turnmay be provided as automated result(s) to a requester opting to conducta search without provider assistance.

The system manager (server) 26 connected to the database 30 is connectedto sources 27 and provider systems 28 via the network 24 a. The network24 and the network 24 a of the system 20 may each be a global publicnetwork of networks (the Internet) or consist in whole or in part of oneor more private networks. The sources 27 and provider systems 28 may bedirectly connected to the system manager (server) 26. The database 30may maintain a record of meaning(s) or form(s) of keyword(s) andphrase(s) including category(ies) associated with a meaning or form,request(s) associated with the keywords and phrases including result(s)generated in response to the request(s), usage of associated meaning(s)or form(s) of any keyword or phrase including categories thereof, etc.Further, provider(s) and/or requester(s) may be doing the qualificationof keyword(s), depending on the implementation.

The database 30 illustrated in FIG. 1 is not limited to maintaining anyparticular type of information related to keywords or phrases used inrequests or responses exchanged via the system 20 and may containstatistical data, such as a histogram which may indicate what keyword(s)or phrase(s) are associated with any of several categories that may beidentified by the system 20. For example, the database 30 may maintain ahistogram of usage for multiple meanings and/or forms of keyword(s) orphrase(s) which may be used to prompt a requester and/or provider toqualify or clarify keyword(s) or phrase(s) having multiple meanings orforms when formulating a search query. A histogram of usage of keywordsand phrases may be maintained in the database 30 for determining theorder in which a display of meanings, categories and/or forms associatedwith keyword(s) or phrase(s) are presented to a requester and/orprovider. Further, a default meaning and/or form of a keyword or phrasemay be determined based on a histogram of usage where the mostfrequently used meaning and/or form of a keyword or phrase may bepresented first and remaining meaning(s) and/or form(s) for the keywordor phrase are ranked based on frequency of usage of the meaning(s)and/or form(s) by requesters and/or providers. How meanings, categoriesand/or forms of keywords and phrases are displayed by the system 20 forqualification is explained in detail below with respect to FIGS. 5 and6, respectively.

The system 20 (FIG. 1) may also determine the possible category(ies) orsub-category(ies) of the keyword(s) in a query. Based on this collectiveinformation, possibly combined with individual keyword histograms, a“most likely” category of the entire query string may be hypothesized bythe system 20 (FIG. 1). In other words, if several keywords in a querystring were related to basketball, even if some of the keywords hadambiguous meanings, the system 20 (FIG. 1) may make a “best guess” thateach keyword should be assumed to have meaning within the basketballcontext.

The database 30 may also maintain information associated with success ofthe providers (e.g., relevance of the results to the end user), numberof advertisements presented while the providers are fulfilling queries,advertisements hand-selected by the providers, the speed of response ofthe system, the provider(s) and other resources, etc. For example, thesystem manager (server) 26 may compute the number of times anadvertisement has been presented, the length of time a requester viewedan advertisement, whether a requester “clicked through” anadvertisement, whether a requester bought products and/or services froman advertiser's website (this information may be delivered back to thesystem manager (server) 26 from an advertiser), etc.

FIG. 1 illustrates the database 30 as a separate component of the system20; however, the database 30 may be integrated with the system manager(server) 26. Further, the records maintained in the database 30 may bestored in any conventional manner, including in a Network AttachedStorage (NAS), a Storage Area Network (SAN), etc., using anyconventional or proprietary database software such as DB2®, Informix®,Microsoft® SQL Server™, MySQL®, Oracle®, etc. The information maintainedin the database 30 is explained in detail below with respect to FIGS. 3and 4.

The system manager (server) 26 of the system 20 communicates withsources 27 via network 24 a. The sources 27 may be private and/or publicdatabases supplying information pertaining to meanings, categoriesand/or forms related to keywords and/or phrases and may include anysource(s) containing information on usage, translations and/or otheritems related to meaning(s) and/or form(s) of keywords and/or phrases.In addition, the sources 27 may supply information pertaining tomeanings, forms, categories, etc., of keywords and/or phrases inreal-time or provide such information via database dump in a snail mail,for example. Although FIG. 1 illustrates sources 27 communicating withthe system manager (server) 26 via the network 24 a, the presentinvention is not limited to sources accessible only via the network 24a. For example, meanings or forms of particular keywords and/or phrasesmay be supplied to the system 20 from experts in an industry mostknowledgeable of the particular keywords or phrases, a private databaseof an experienced provider, an application providing definitions ofwords or phrases, or any other source having information pertaining tomeanings or forms of keywords or phrases such as general and specialized(e.g., technical) dictionaries relating to specific subject fields,including sources such as DMOZ, Zeal® (from LookSmart®), Wikipedia®,Trellian®, etc.

As is typical in the search industry, the majority of search queries maycontain a single word, and more than 80% of queries contain less than 4words. This is partially due to the algorithm design of search enginessuch as Google®, as described in The Anatomy of a Large-scaleHypertextual Search Engine by Brin, et al. These engines are designed toproduce ‘reasonable results’ from a short query such as “Bill Clinton”.Such engines may provide more sophisticated users with a Boolean searchoption, or other more complex methods of forming perhaps more targetedqueries.

Subsequent to completing a search, some search engines may suggestalternate or more specific queries to a user based on statistical (orother) popularity of query phrases that may contain any or all of thekeywords in the original query.

In at least one embodiment, the entire content of a query phrase may bea keyword. Because human judgment (a guide/searcher and/or auser/infoseeker) is available to determine the meaning of a keyword, itmay be advantageous for an entire query to be a keyword. The use of theentire query as a keyword may allow for more effective use of techniquessuch as fuzzy matching to select a “most likely” intended meaning(s) ofa query phrase which can be presented to a guide or a user forclarification. A ‘top down’ method may produce a more effective use ofthe methods described herein as it may allow a guide and/or user todetermine an intended meaning of the totality of a query therebyallowing the association of a meaning(s) or form(s) with the entirequery, or any part(s) thereof.

For example, as described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 9, aguide may add a keyword(s) to an original query based on interactionwith a user to attempt to clarify a query. A meaning for a query may beidentified, and a modified query and/or the original query may beassociated with a keyword (s), category(ies), subcategory(ies), tag(s),etc.

Using the example illustrated in FIG. 9, a guide might add the keyword“evidence supporting” to the original query “big bang theory”. The guidemight associate the new keyword with the category “Science>Astronomy”.Alternately, the guide might add the keyword “rock band” to the originalquery phrase and associate the new keyword with the category“Arts>Music”. The more specific keyword might be stored as a new keywordin the database 30 (FIG. 1). Subsequently, the search system mightreceive a query such as “is there evidence supporting big bang theory”,and a fuzzy match of the query against the keywords “rock band big bangtheory” (categorized as “Arts>Music”) and “evidence supporting big bangtheory” (categorized as “Science>Astronomy”) could be correctlyassociated with the more correct category “Science>Astronomy”, which mayimprove selection of guide(s) and/or resources and/or targeting ofadvertisement(s), etc. If the keyword “big bang theory” is used for thematching process both “Arts>Music” and “Science>Astronomy” might bematched to the query. Process(es) using more specific keyword(s) (e.g.,“evidence supporting big bang theory”) may provide a more effectiveselection of guide(s) and/or resource(s) and/or targeting ofadvertisement(s), etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is used with the systemdiscussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/336,928, titled ASCALABLE SEARCH SYSTEM USING HUMAN SEARCHERS, inventor Scott A. Jones,filed Jan. 23, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein byreference, or other similar search systems. In addition, when therequester devices 22 submit requests to the system 20 for provider orguide assisted searches, a desired meaning of keyword(s) in the requestsmay be determined so that provider(s) best suited for the requests canbe accurately chosen along with particular search resources and targetedadvertisements. This also gives the best opportunity for returning thebest results to the user. Said another way, a qualified keyword (asdetermined automatically, qualified by a requester, and/or qualified bya provider) can be used to identify and/or select guide(s), resource(s),result(s), and/or advertisement(s).

FIG. 1A is an exemplary tree illustrating category/domain of keyword(s)and phrase(s). As shown in FIG. 1A, the taxonomy may be in a form of aBernoulli tree that has the lowest level, a “leaf” of the tree, as akeyword or keyphrase. The terms keyword and keyphrase areinterchangeable. Keyphrase generally refers to a group of naturallanguage words, such as “NBA Basketball” and keyword generally refers toa single word “basket” or “ball.” Accordingly, the larger the taxonomyis, the greater the specificity of the keyword and/or phrase.

In situations where there is no guide (or provider) assigned to aparticular “leaf”, groupings of leaves may be established to allowsuitable guides to be found for assisting with a request containing theparticular “leaf”. For example, when fewer guides are registered to thesystem 20 (FIG. 1) than the number of leaves, groupings of leaves may beestablished such that guide(s) are able to assist with requestscontaining any of the keywords and/or phrases existing in the system 20.The grouping of leaves is not limited to any particular rule and may beaccomplished using thesaurus synonyms, usage commonality, semantics,etc. In general, a grouping of keyword(s) may be referred to as adomain, category, subcategory, etc. The name designating the groupingsof keywords and/or phrases may vary as the size of a grouping increasesor decreases. For example, groupings may be aggregated into largergroupings (i.e., category as a group of subcategories, domain as a groupof categories, etc.) as the number of groupings in the system 20(FIG. 1) increases and the naming and/or the number of levels in theBernoulli tree may change to accommodate a greater number of leaves andmake the taxonomy more effective.

A guide assigned to a particular, unique “leaf” may be rare when thenumber of guides registered to the system 20 (FIG. 1) is much less thanthe number of keywords. For example, a taxonomy may have 2 millionkeywords, but only 2,000 guides with 20,000 keywords. When a query ismatched to a particular keyword that does not have a guide assigned, thesystem 20 may determine a “generalist” who can answer the query. Forexample, the system 20 may look for guide(s) assigned to keywords whichare part of the next higher level in the tree such as a sub-category,sub-sub-category etc., and notify such guide(s) regarding the query. Ifno guide is found at the first level of the tree above the “leaf”, thesystem 20 may proceed upward until the top level of the tree is reached.Accordingly, a larger number of levels in the tree allows for smaller,and thus more specific, generalization.

As explained throughout the disclosure, categorization of a keyword orphrase illustrated in FIG. 1A is dynamic. For example, as new meaning(s)are developed for a keyword, the keyword (for example, “apple”) may be a“leaf” of the tree in many locations since the keyword is a “leaf” ofmultiple categories, such as “compute”, “fruit”, “search engine”, “taxprogram”, “record company”, etc. As explained in detail below, thequalification of a keyword assists the system 20 (FIG. 1) to find theintended contextual meaning of a query submitted by a requester.

When a query from the requester devices 22 is submitted, for example,for a search without assistance from a provider (or guide) and the queryis passed to search engine(s), advertisement(s) associated with thequery may be selected based on keyword histogram(s) in the database 30(FIG. 1) that “best fit” the query and these advertisements can bepresented to the user (or requester). When search result(s) from thesearch engine(s) are returned, before providing them to the user, theycan be sorted based on the keyword histograms. For example, when a userrequests information about “apple”, if the histogram for the keyword“apple” indicated that Apple® computer company was the most probablesubject of the query rather than say the fruit apple, advertisement(s)for Apple® products can be presented to the user and search results canbe sorted to show search results from www.apple.com first.

An exemplary process 50 for qualifying keyword(s) or phrase(s) isillustrated in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, process 50 begins withcategorizing keyword(s) or phrase(s) 52 based on meaning(s) and/orform(s). As previously discussed, a request may be any combination ofkeyword(s) or phrase(s) pertaining to which a requester or provider isseeking specific or general information. For example, a requester maysubmit a search request directed to the keyword “apple”, or pertainingto the search phrase “who runs the apple computer company?”.

The categorization 52 includes determining meaning(s) associated withkeyword(s) or phrase(s) and associating each meaning of the keyword(s)or phrase(s) with a category or subject matter. Further, based ondetermination of the categories associated with each of the keywords ina query, the “best” category for the keywords may be determined. Forexample, a particular combination of keywords in a query may result in adetermination that the query is directed to the category pertaining to“basketball” while a different combination containing some of the samekeywords may result in a determination that the query is directed to thecategory “earth”. For example, the system 20 (FIG. 1) may determine thatthe query “Reggie Miller free-throw clinic by Nike” is directed to thecategory “basketball”, while determining the query “clinic for avoidingMiller Time by Alcoholics Anonymous” to be directed to the category“health.” This may provide a “default” categorization, at which pointthe system 20 (FIG. 1) may allow a user or guide(s) involved with asearch to change the categorization of one or more keywords. Further, aguide (or provider) receiving a query may choose to transfer the queryto another better-suited guide based on a new categorization of akeyword.

Using the same example discussed above, a search query associated withthe keyword “apple” submitted by a requester may be intended to mean,the computer company, the fruit, a person's name, Adam's apple, therecord label, etc. The categorization 52 includes classifying thekeyword “apple”, for example, with the computer company, the fruit, aperson's name, Adam's apple, the record label or any other categorymaintained in the database 30 (FIG. 1). The system 20 may utilizeassembly language and/or language processing technologies such as wordroot matching, fuzzy logic, etc., to handle meanings associated withvariations of keywords. The categorization or classification of keywordsincluding phrases containing the keywords in the database 30 (FIG. 1)may be obtained from external source(s) such as Internet directories(e.g., DMOZ), online dictionaries and/or encyclopedias (e.g., Webopedia,Wikipedia®, etc.) or other similar sources. For example, a requester orprovider may be prompted to qualify keyword(s) contained in a querybased on taxonomy utilized by DMOZ.

Subsequent to categorizing 52, process 50 continues by tracking uses 54of the categorized keyword(s) or phrase(s) associated with requestsand/or responses returned by the system 20 (FIG. 1). Tracking use 54 ofthe keyword(s) or phrase(s) includes determining whether new meaning(s)have been associated with a keyword or phrase, whether use(s) ofkeyword(s) or phrase(s) maintained in the database 30 (FIG. 1) havechanged, or any other factor that may affect categorization 52 of thekeyword(s) or phrase(s) based on associated meaning(s) and/or form(s).For example, over time, a new category and/or subcategory may becomeassociated with the keyword “apple” (e.g., a new product, company, etc.)and the existing associations of a particular keyword or phrase may bemodified, etc. Tracking uses 54 of the categorized keyword(s) orphrase(s) may include capturing a new categorization developed inassociation therewith and/or inserting new associations among thekeyword(s) and/or phrase(s) and other related categories. This may occurvia batch database updates from sources such as Trellian®, DMOZ, orother various sources or it may occur from manual association ofcategory(ies) to keyword(s) and/or phrase(s). The system 20 (FIG. 1) mayalso capture information pertaining to modification and creationincluding date, time, identity of who made a modification, etc.Weighting of the old and new categorizations may also affect ranking ofthe relative categorizations including how meanings and/or categories ofkeywords or phrases are displayed by the system 20 (see FIGS. 5 and 6).

If a change has occurred with respect to the categorization of a keywordand/or a phrase based on tracking 54, process 50 dynamically updates 56the categorization. If the tracking 54 identifies a change incategorization of keyword(s) or phrase(s) due to a new meaningassociated with a keyword(s) or phrase(s), change of an existing meaningassociated with a keyword(s) or phrase(s), etc., the database 30(FIG. 1) is dynamically updated 56 to indicate the change. For example,a web based application configured using Asynchronous JavaScript® andXML (e.g., using Ajax) may be used to implement changes to a categoryassociated with keyword(s) or phrase(s) which may result in updating acorresponding category of keyword(s)/phrase(s) in accordance with thetracking 54 without reloading a web page in its entirety or directing arequester or provider to another page. Additionally, a guide (orprovider) may identify new categorization(s) while providing searchservices to a user (or requester) from within an interface or tool, etc.provided to the guide via the system 20 (FIG. 1). When a search sessionhas completed, alternate associations between the keywords in the queryand category(ies) may be identified. These may be treated as changes inassociation between keyword(s)/phrase(s) and category(ies).

A provider may be able to update or request changes to meanings, forms,or categorization of keyword(s) and/or phrase(s) based on, for example,an approval or authorization by the system 20 (FIG. 1). For example,individual providers may be approved to update keyword(s) related to asubject matter within the provider's expertise, based on discovery of anew meaning of a keyword associated with a particular category, etc.Also, a provider or requester may be permitted to submit updates tocategorization of a keyword based on experience as a guide (e.g., aveteran guide), knowledge of a particular category or industry, etc.,obtained in other ways. A few examples are provided below where arequester and/or provider may be approved to update categorization of akeyword or phrase; however, the present invention is not limited to aparticular criteria so long as legitimacy of the update can be verifiedby system administrator(s) of the system 20 (FIG. 1). Alternatively, the“wisdom of crowds” may be used to keep keyword categorizationup-to-date. For example, a process similar to the taxonomy anddescriptions of Wikipedia®.

In addition, authorized providers and/or requesters may submit updatesto meanings, forms, and/or categories of keywords and/or phrases basedon data from sources 27 (FIG. 1) such as a dictionary, Trellian®database, or any other source of definition of word(s) or phrase(s),using which the system 20 may update the records maintained in thedatabase 30. New keywords and/or phrases may be added to the system 20(FIG. 1) via several modes including manual updates by administrators,new categorizations submitted via web-based interfaces, batch updatesfrom various sources 27, updates from guides and other third partysystems, that may be processed via tools such as database bulk dataloaders, etc. These updates may be delivered by several means includingFTP, e-mail, and web services. Preferably, an option for adding a newmeaning or form may be presented to a provider (or guide) in theinterface 70 (see FIG. 5). For example, an option to add a new meaningof a keyword may be provided via the interface 70 (FIG. 5) using which aveteran provider who has fulfilled search requests related to thatkeyword for at least a defined period of time may add a new definition,form or categorization associated with the keyword.

In addition, the disclosed system may use an approval process for addinga new definition or categorization to the database 30 (FIG. 1) where aprovider is able to use new definition(s) for a search and may submitthe new definition(s) for approval which places a request to add the newdefinition(s) in a queue for system administrators (who may also beauthorized providers) to review and possibly add to the database 30.Authorized providers may also add categories to the database 30 (FIG. 1)that may be used for qualifying keywords and/or phrases. The system 20(FIG. 1) may also maintain a record of who submitted a new definitionand determine whether the new definition should be added to the system20 (FIG. 1) automatically, for example, when an expert user or guidesubmits the addition, through review, a combination of these, etc. Asmentioned above, the “wisdom of crowds” method may also be used toupdate keyword to category associations by allowing guides and/or usersto update keyword(s) and their associated categorization(s).

When a new meaning associated with a keyword(s) is added to the database30 (FIG. 1), an alert using electronic mail, an instant message, a popupwindow, etc. may be sent to a requester(s) who has signed-up with thesystem 20 (FIG. 1) to receive a notification when, for example, a newkeyword pertaining to a category which the requester has previouslysearched is added and/or a registered provider(s) associated with thekeyword that may provide the provider(s) with an opportunity to registerfor the new and/or newly qualified meaning of the keyword or phrase. Theterm “keyword” may include one or more words or phrases that can includemultiple keywords as well as natural language sentences that can beanalyzed to extract keywords. For example, if a new search engine named“apple” is developed, providers registered to handle requests associatedwith the keyword “apple” in one or more of the categories 44 a (FIG. 5)may be alerted as to the new meaning associated with the keyword “apple”so that requests for information about the new search engine can beclarified and understood more easily. Providers registered for alternatecategories for “apple” may not be expected to respond to the new “apple”category unless he or she registers for the new category for “apple”.

After dynamically updating 56 the categorization, the process 50 (FIG.2) qualifies 58 a keyword or phrase having multiple meaning(s) orform(s) prior to submitting a search. For example, a requester may beprompted to identify which of the meanings of the keyword “apple” therequester is using as the requester builds a search query for a searchrequest. Similarly, if the keyword “golden” is entered into a queryfield and the keyword is associated with multiple categories, such as“golden gate bridge”, the city of Golden, Colo., the color gold, etc., arequester may be prompted to identify which of the meanings associatedwith the keyword “golden” the requester is intending. Alternatively, aprovider may be prompted to make an identification after a requester hassubmitted a query. Qualifying keyword(s) and phrase(s) for a search isexplained in detail below with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6.

FIG. 3 is a simplified example of a relationship 40 among individualkeywords 42, associated category(ies) 44 and usage 46 maintained by thedatabase 30 (FIG. 1). The relationship 40 includes keywords 42 containedin requests submitted from the requester devices 22 (FIG. 1), responsesdelivered from the provider systems 28 in response to the requests anddata related to the keywords supplied by sources 27 pertaining to thekeywords 42. The meaning(s) or form(s) of the keywords 42 are associatedwith category(ies) 44. For example, the keyword “apple” contained inrequests from the requester devices 22 and in responses generated by theprovider systems 28 in response to the requests may pertain tocategories 44 a such as the fruit, the computer company, the recordlabel, a person's name, etc. As another example, the keyword “golden”appearing in search queries submitted by requesters and/or in responsesgenerated by the system 20 (FIG. 1) may be classified in variouscategories 44 b such as the color gold, the dog golden retriever, thecity of Golden, a person's name, golden gate bridge, etc.

The relationship 40 includes usage 46 data of the keywords 42 inassociation with each category 44 pertaining to the keywords 42. Theusage 46 data may be based on use of a keyword by requester(s) inassociation with one or more of the category(ies) classified for thekeyword, use of a keyword by provider(s) fulfilling request(s) inassociation with a particular category of the keyword, a ratio of thenumber of provider(s) registered for searches associated with a keywordwho have used the keyword in association with a category compared to thetotal number of provider(s) registered for handling searches associatedwith the keyword, universal use of a particular category pertaining to akeyword, or any other method that determines usage. In the exampleillustrated in FIG. 3, use of the keyword “apple” to mean the fruit is60% while use of the keyword in reference to the Apple® computer companyis 20%. From the categories 44 b pertaining to the keyword “golden”,usage of the keyword “golden” in reference to the color is 40% and useof the keyword to mean a dog (e.g., a golden retriever) is 20%. Therelationship 40 may indicate the number of requesters and/or providersusing a category or meaning pertaining to a keyword. For example, thedatabase 30 (FIG. 1) may maintain information relevant to the number ofrequesters who have submitted a search in relation to a particularkeyword which may be provided to a requester inputting a querycontaining the keyword via GUI 70 of FIG. 5.

In addition, usage/hit count(s) per qualified keyword may be capturedhistorically in the database 30 (FIG. 1). For example, active countersfor various time periods (e.g., current calendar year, current calendarmonth, current week, a predetermined number of hours, etc.) may beprovided where when the current time period has expired, a record ismarked for archival, and a new record can be created. The new record maystart the usage/hit count(s) from zero, or may provide weighted valuesfrom a previous period (e.g., halving the value of the previous period).Additionally, sets of counters may be collected based upon theidentification of a primary qualified keyword/phrase of a query as wellas for each unique keyword/phrase within the query (i.e., one queryincrementing many keyword/phrase counters). The hit counts may beimported from other data source(s). For example, Trellian® aggregatesdata from several search engines to provide a categorized list ofkeywords along with associated hit counts.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary relationship 60 among multiple keywords orphrases 62, associated category(ies) 64 and usage 66 maintained by thedatabase 30 (FIG. 1). Similar to the relationship 40 (FIG. 3) withrespect to the keywords 42, the relationship 60 includes phrases 62associated with search requests from requester devices 22 (FIG. 1),responses delivered from the provider systems 28 in response to therequests and data related to the phrases supplied by sources 27 (FIG. 1)pertaining to the phrases 62. Associated meanings of the phrases 62 areassociated with category(ies) 64. For example, the phrase “golden gate”in a request from a requester or a response from a provider may pertainto the categories 64 a such as bridge, university, color, etc., and thephrase “golden gate bridge” may be associated with the categories 64 bincluding the bridge near San Francisco, Calif., a color, etc.

The relationship 60 includes usage 66 data of the phrases 62 inassociation with each of the categories 64 pertaining to the phrases 62.Similar to the usage 46 data of the categories 44 related to thekeywords 42, the usage 66 data may be based on use of a phrase whenrequesters submit requests, when providers build responses to requests,accepted or universal use of a particular phrase to refer to something,etc. Further, as discussed above, relative usage, hit count(s) and/orother similar factors may be used instead of percentages. For example,use of the phrase “golden gate” to mean the bridge in California is 60%while use of the phrase “golden gate” in reference to the university inCalifornia is 25%. The Trellian® database (commercially available) maybe used to seed the database 30 (FIG. 1) with hit count data, and thesystem administrators, veteran providers, etc. may subsequently updatethe database 30 (FIG. 1) by monitoring system traffic and/or may rely ondownloading updates from a resource such as Trellian®.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary GUI 70 for qualifying keyword(s) in a querystring to be submitted for a search. As shown in FIG. 5, the GUI 70includes a search query field 72 enabling input of a search requestidentifying information sought, which may include keyword(s), phrase(s),a query, a fully formed question, sentence, etc. and a search button 76for triggering a search based on the request entered in the search queryfield 72. For example, selecting the search button 76 may trigger asearch pertaining to the keyword “apple”. However, as illustrated inFIG. 3, the keyword “apple” may have multiple meanings that areassociated with several categories maintained in the database 30 (FIG.1).

The GUI 70 (FIG. 5) presents a requester with associated category(ies)pertaining to a keyword entered by the requester in the search queryfield 72 based on information of the keyword maintained in the database30 (FIG. 1). For example, the categories 44 a for the keyword “apple”are provided to a requester upon the requester's entry of the keyword“apple” in the search query field 72 for a search. As shown in FIG. 5,categories of a keyword may be presented in a drop-down menu which arequester may view using elements 74 a and 74 b to scroll up and scrolldown, respectively through contents listed in the drop-down menu.Although categories 44 a of the keyword “apple” are displayed in the GUI70 using a drop-down menu scrollable via elements 74 a and 74 b, thepresent invention is not limited to any particular interface forproviding associated categories of a keyword(s), for example, a pop-upwindow displaying at least one category of a keyword (when available)may be provided when a requester enters the keyword in the search queryfield 72. Alternatively, categories may simply be listed under eachkeyword with the default category highlighted. Optionally, a requestercould select a new category. A provider may have any of these selectionoptions as well.

When a provider registers with the system 20 (FIG. 1), the provider mayidentify categories, keywords, or an area of interest for which theprovider is willing to accept search requests. Similar to the GUI 70 inFIG. 5 provided to a requester for qualifying a keyword(s), when aprovider initially registers to the system 20 and identifies a qualifiedkeyword and/or phrase, the provider may be presented with associatedcategory(ies) of the keyword and/or phrase and be requested to choosethere from for accurately identifying at least one category of thekeyword and/or phrase to which the provider is referring.

The GUI 70 (FIG. 5) also includes advertisement frame 78 for displayingadvertisement information that may be related to qualified meaning(s) ofkeyword(s) or phrase(s) including provider (or guide) selected real-timeadvertisements related to a category of the keyword(s) or phrase(s).Advertisers may also sign-up for qualified keyword(s) so that theiradvertisement(s) only display when the keyword(s) is targeted with itsmore specific meaning. This, for example, may prevent wasteful displayof advertisement information that is incorrectly targeted. If not forthis improved targeting advertisement, information pertaining to iPods®may be displayed when the keyword “apples” is qualified to mean productsof the record company, or worse, for a query related to apple cider.However, if the keyword “apple” is qualified in more than one category,e.g., as “apple (computer company)”, “apple (fruit)”, “apple (recordlabel)”, different entities could register to have advertising displayedfor the different qualified versions of the keyword “apple”. Thus, theApple® computer company may register to have iPod® advertisement(s)displayed when the keyword “apple” is used in a query related tocomputer companies [apple(computer company)], the Washington AppleGrowers Association might register to have advertising for Red Deliciousapples displayed when the keyword “apple” is used in a query related tofruits [apple(fruit)], and a Beatles memorabilia distributor mightregister to have advertising for vintage Beatles album covers displayedwhen the keyword “apple” is used in a query related to record labels[apple(record label)]. This will preferably result in each company'sadvertising being more directly targeted to persons who might have aninterest in their products and/or services.

Information provided via the advertisement frame 78 may include video,audio, music, games, web links, etc. that may interact with and ispreferably displayed to a requester and/or provider while the search isbeing performed and may continue after the search results are displayed.Alternatively, information provided in the advertisement frame 78 may bechosen by the system manager (server) 26 (FIG. 1). For example, thesystem manager (server) 26 may select information to be supplied to theadvertisement frame 78 based on a time of day, an estimated time forcompletion of a search, etc. In any event, being able to link anadvertisement to a qualified keyword will likely prove extremelyvaluable to advertisers.

Moreover, resource(s) such as search engines, Internet directories,and/or any searchable or non-searchable website may be associated withmeanings of keyword(s) contained in a query. The guides (or providers)registered in the system 20 (FIG. 1) may associate resource(s) withqualified keyword(s). For example, www.apple.com may be associated as aresource for the keyword “apple” when the keyword is used to mean thecomputer company, while www.applecorps.com may be associated with thekeyword as a resource when the keyword is used to mean the record label.This has the benefit of targeting the search resources toward the actualintention of the query, which should provide much more relevant resultsto the user (requester) and/or guide (provider). The advertisementinformation displayed in the advertisement frame 78 may also be updatedto correspond to search results generated in response to queries and newadvertisement(s) may be displayed prior to delivering these results oralternately, concurrently to delivering the results.

Preferably, in the case of a new meaning or category being associatedwith a keyword or phrase, a mandatory sign-up procedure may beimplemented by the system 20 (FIG. 1) identifying a provider as beingregistered for a multiple-meaning keyword (e.g., upon login to thesystem or when conducting a subsequent search) and prompting theprovider to choose from the multiple meanings of the keyword bydisplaying, for example, the drop-down list of categories illustrated inFIG. 5.

A keyword(s) and/or phrase(s) may be modified based on secondary dataassociated with a requester and/or a provider. For example, informationidentifying (i.e., area code, GPS, IP address, cookie, etc.) requesterdevices 22 (FIG. 1) and/or provider systems 28 may be used to augmentqueries such as “the YMCA”, “our house”, “a local bar”, etc. Althoughexemplary secondary data is discussed, the disclosed method and systemare not limited to any particular data using which a keyword or phrasemay be qualified. For example, a user ‘cookie’ might help to qualify orchange the ranking of qualified meanings of keywords which are typicallyskipped like “me”, “here”, “at home”, “my school” or “the King”. Inaddition, information particular to a requester or provider may be usedto locate a suitable provider(s) and/or resource(s).

FIG. 6 illustrates a GUI 80 for qualifying a phrase(s) in a querystring. Similar to GUI 70 in FIG. 5, the GUI 80 includes a search field82, enabling input of a request identifying information sought, and asearch button 76, for triggering a search. As shown in FIG. 6,categories 64 c associated with the phrase “golden gate bridge” areprovided in a list which a requester or provider may select from toaccurately formulate a search phrase for the search. In addition, when arequester has keyed in a query in the search field 82, the GUI 80identifies each keyword forming the phrase that is known in the system20 (FIG. 1). For example, the solid underlining corresponding to thekeywords “golden”, “gate”, “bridge”, indicates that each of theunderlined words is identified as a keyword in the database 30 (FIG. 1).For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the keyword “golden” is associated withthe category (color) and with the category (dog), the keyword “goldengate” is associated with the category (bridge) and the category(university), the keyword “golden gate bridge” is associated with thecategory (bridge), the keyword “gate bridge” is associated with thecategory (bridge) and the keyword “pantone” is associated with thecategory (graphics). However GUI 80 is not limited to displaying orpresenting categories and/or meanings of keyword(s) or combination ofkeywords using a particular indication. For example, a solid underlinebar may be indicated underneath various keywords and/or combinations ofkeywords contained in a query based on meanings and categories stored inthe database 30 (FIG. 1). Accordingly, using the example of the phrase“golden gate bridge”, solid underlines (or other indicators) may beprovided for “golden”, “gate”, “bridge”, “golden gate”, “gate bridge”,“golden gate bridge”, etc.

The GUI 80 may indicate keyphrases forming the search string in thesearch field 82 that are identified by the system 20 (FIG. 1). Forexample, as denoted by the dotted lines a, b, c, and d in the searchfield 82, the GUI 80 indicates that phrases “golden”, “golden gate”,“gate bridge”, and “golden gate bridge”, are identified as keyphrases inthe database 30 of the system 20 (FIG. 1). When a requester selects oneof the phrases a, b, c or d as the subject of the search, the GUI 80 mayprovide corresponding category(ies) associated with the selectedkeyphrase. When, for example, the requester selects the phrase “goldengate bridge” by clicking on the phrase identified with the dotted lined, a list of the categories 64 c maintained in the database 30 (FIG. 1)associated with the phrase “golden gate bridge” are presented to therequester for selection. Categories might include “bridge”, “travel”,“San Francisco”, “sights”, etc. In addition, any of these keywords couldbe chosen as the primary keyword. The keyword could then be qualified bycategory. By so doing, provider or guide resources, advertisements, andresults can be better targeted.

The interfaces illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be implemented using aninteractive web-enabled application configured using Ajax to generateJava® scripts. As such, selection by a requester of qualifying keywordsor phrases of a search string may be implemented without requiring a webpage provided for submitting a search to be reloaded upon therequester's selection from categories presented as associated with thekeyword(s) or phrase(s). For example, when categories 44 a (or 64 c) aredisplayed to a requester and/or a provider as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, anXML HTTP GET request may be sent to the system manager (server) 26(FIG. 1) requesting information in the database 30 pertaining tokeyword(s) or phrase(s) being qualified. Further, FIG. 6 may display allkeywords and phrases in a query string. For example, a list of relatedmeanings and/or categories of keywords including “golden (color)”,“golden gate (university)”, “gate bridge (bridge)”, “golden gate bridge(bridge)”, etc., may be provided via the GUI 80 illustrated in FIG. 6.The list illustrated in FIG. 6 is not limited to any particularmeaning(s) and/or category(ies) of keyword(s), for example, may include“pantone (graphics)” or other related meanings and/or categories.

An order in which a list of categories 44 a or 64 c in FIGS. 5 and 6,respectively are presented may be based on frequency of usecorresponding to the keyword(s) or phrase(s) in requests and/or inresponses returned in response to the requests. For example, because thepercentage of use of the keyword “apple” to mean the fruit is higherthan the percentage of use of the keyword “apple” as the computercompany the category “fruit” may be given precedence in the listedcategories 44 a (FIG. 5). Data of usage of a particular keyword orphrase may be determined based on various factors including but notlimited to number of hits calculated for use of a particular meaning ofa keyword or phrase when a search query is submitted, number of resultsreturned for a particular meaning of a keyword or phrase, the order inwhich a dictionary provides meanings of a keyword or phrase, an orderdefined by the system 20 (FIG. 1), or a variety of other methods.

A weighting may be attached to each keyword of a search string fordetermining how influential a keyword is in determining categories topresent to a requester or provider. Weighting factors such as previoususe of a keyword as an influential keyword, expected influence based onfrequency of high influence associated with the keyword, weight assignedto the keyword by the system 20 (FIG. 1), etc. may be used. For example,when a requester enters the phrase “golden gate bridge pantone” as asearch query, the phrase “golden gate bridge” may be weighted higherthan other combinations of keywords, e.g., “golden gate” or “bridgepantone”, forming the search query. Therefore, when a higher-weightedkeyword or phrase shows up in a query string, the higher-weightedkeyword or phrase may be prompted to be qualified initially. However, auser may select another keyword in the query string for qualification.Further, the weighting may be calculated on a global basis, decrementingand incrementing the weightings regardless of frequency of usepertaining to the keyword(s) or phrase(s).

The disclosed system 20 (FIG. 1) may also determine relevancy ofkeywords based on pairing of words in a query string. For example, ifthe words “golden gate” appear in a query string with other words, thewords “golden gate” may be weighted higher in accordance with storedfrequency of use pertaining to the pairing. However, it is also possiblefor the keyword “gate” to be weighted higher over time if the storedusage information indicates more frequent use for the keyword “gate”when the phrase “golden gate” appears in a query string.

When a query is passed on to one or more resources such as searchengines, Internet directories, or other searchable resources, to seekinformation in response to a request, a category pertaining to a meaningselected by a requester may be included in the query. For example, if asearch is directed to the keyword “apple” and the keyword “apple” may befollowed by inserted word(s) “computer” or “fruit” or “record label” inorder to further clarify the meaning of the keyword for the searchengines or other searchable resources. In some search resources,categorization may already be a primary component of their technology.An example of a search engine that is based on categorization is Clustyor Kartoo, although there are several others which are developing. Anautomated interface may be used to send determined category(ies) of thissystem (from a requester and/or a provider) onto the other resourcesdirectly so that results may be much better targeted for the requesterand/or provider.

FIG. 7 illustrates a relationship, such as that created in a relationaldatabase 700, among a qualified keyword with a provider, previousresults, resources and/or advertisements. As shown in FIG. 7, relationaldatabase 700 includes a provider (or PaidSearcher™) data structure 702,the resource data structure 704, the category resource data structure706, the keyword resource data structure 708, the advertisement datastructure 710 and previous result data structure 712. The primary datastructures include relationships pointing to other data types includingdomain data type 714, category data type 716, qualified keyword datatype 718 and keyword data type 720. For example, each provider isassociated with a PaidSearcher™ data structure 702 maintaining datarelated to identification (ID), first and last name, user ID, password,etc., and each resource is associated with a resource data structure 704maintaining data related to ID, title, URL, description, creator(created by), shared, etc., of the resource. Each illustrated datastructure and data type may include more or less data elements withinthe scope of the disclosure and additional links or relationshipsbetween data structures and data types and other data elements,structures or types may be included in relational database 700 and/ordatabase 30 (FIG. 1). Note that a similar structure can be associatedwith a requester as well as a provider.

An advertisement may alternatively be chosen randomly. For example,advertisement(s) of particular item(s) may be presented to a requesterbased on factors that may not be associated with a query of therequester such as particular discounted items, new products, etc. Arequester may also be presented with an advertisement(s) until anappropriate guide (or provider) is selected when the requester hasrequested a guide-assisted search. Providers registered to executesearches pertaining to one or more keywords may also select or linkadvertisement(s) in relation to keyword(s) in real-time to be presentedto a requester who has submitted a query containing the keyword(s) basedupon the query, keyword(s) and/or the providers' assessment of whichadvertisement(s) to send. This advertisement choice may be accomplishedby enabling a provider to predefine advertisement(s) to be presented toa requester that is assigned to that provider for a particular keyword.

FIG. 8 is a simplified example of a relationship 90 illustratingassociation of qualified keywords 92 with advertisements 94. Forexample, if a search query containing the keyword “apple” is qualifiedto mean the fruit, an advertisement pertaining to a food recipe and/orthe fruit may be presented, while an advertisement pertaining to the taxprogram and/or tax tips may be provided if the keyword “apple” in thequery is qualified to mean the tax program.

Any qualified keyword maintained in the database 30 (FIG. 1) may bemapped to advertisement information for presenting one or more targetedadvertisement(s) to a requester submitting a query containing thequalified keyword. An advertisement may relate to one or more qualifiedkeywords contained in the query submitted by a requester. For example,upon receipt of a query from a requester via computer 22 a (FIG. 1), thesystem manager (server) 26 may provide advertisement(s) to the requesterfor viewing while a search is being processed by the system 20. Thisadvertisement information may be related to the query (and/or to thekeyword(s) of the query), may include visual, audio and/or interactiveinformation, as appropriate for the requester's device and for thesource of the query, and can include not only advertisement(s), but alsoinformation such as videos, audio, music, games, web links, etc. thatmay interact with and/or display data to the requester while the searchis being performed. The information provided may serve as a source ofrevenue, for example through advertising. If a requester views an ad, orclicks on a link, or purchases a product (sometimes referred to as“conversion”) related to an advertisement, during a search, the database30 (FIG. 1) may be updated to reflect additional ad revenue with acredit of points and/or compensation, if appropriate, to the provider(or searcher). Further, selection of a particular advertisement may bebased on a weight associated with the advertisement based on single orcombined factors such as advertiser contract commitments, bidding priceof advertisers, popularity with requesters, keyword mapping toadvertisements, statistical usage (e.g., least recently presented), userdemographics, searcher choice of advertisement, etc.

The advertisement(s) may alternatively be chosen randomly. For example,advertisement(s) of particular item(s) may be presented to a requesterbased on factors that may not be associated to a query of the requestersuch as particular discounted items, new products, etc.

Accordingly, a keyword or phrase entered into a query string of a searchmay be clarified or qualified using a database by prompting a requesterand/or a provider to select desired meaning(s) associated withkeyword(s) or phrase(s) when building a search query. The meaning of akeyword or phrase entered into a query string to conduct a search isclarified or qualified using information stored in the database 30(FIG. 1) which maintains a record of keywords/phrases including multiplemeanings, forms, and/or categories of the keyword or phrase. Whenbuilding a search query, if a user (or requester) and/or a guide (orprovider) enters a keyword(s) with multiple meanings, the user or aguide may be prompted to identify one or more of the multiple meaningsof the keyword(s)/phrase(s).

The database 30 (FIG. 1) may record keywords and may indicate keywordshaving multiple meanings and/or associated categories. When a keyword(s)is submitted in a query, the system 20 (FIG. 1) determines whether thekeyword(s) has multiple meanings associated therewith based oninformation in the database 30 and prompts a requester or provider (orguide) to clarify which of the meanings the requester or provider (orguide) is intending by enabling the requester or provider to select froma list of meanings in the database. For example, a query directed to“cleaning windows” may refer to sales of Windex® spray or might possiblybe a request for Norton® AntiVirus.

The system and method disclosed enables a requester or provider toclarify any ambiguity associated with meanings and categories ofkeyword(s) contained in a query prior to triggering a search based onthe query. Further, searcher(s) may edit the database 30 (FIG. 1) overtime to allow for better defined meaning(s) associated with a keyword.For example, at various points in time “ATM” may have meant “AutomatedTeller Machine”, “Asynchronous Transfer Mode”, etc., and may have newassociated meanings such as “All Terrain Mobility” attached to it in thenear future.

Accordingly, a keyword or phrase entered into a query string to conducta search is clarified and/or qualified using a database containingkeywords and phrases including those with multiple meanings or versions.When building a search query, if a user or a provider enters a keywordwith multiple meanings, the user or provider may be prompted to identifyan intended meaning from one or more of the multiple meanings of thekeyword/phrase.

FIG. 9 illustrates a provider (or guide) GUI 900. As shown in FIG. 9,GUI 900 includes a chat window 902 enabling exchange of communicationbetween a guide(s) and a requester, a category window 904, a list ofkeyword(s) and/or phrase(s) 906 for identifying a keyword or a phrase asa primary object of a search, a current category 908 identifying acategory of a current query, a query bar 910 in which a query from arequester is displayed and control buttons 912. Although a few controlbuttons are illustrated in FIG. 9, the GUI 900 is not limited to anyparticular type or configuration of interface controls.

A guide, for example, may qualify the request in the query bar 910 byselecting from the list of phrase(s) 906. A guide may also add a newphrase to the list of phrase(s) 906 using an “add new phrase” button907. For example, for the request directed to “big bang theory”, a guidemay add the word “publications” to modify the query when the primaryobject of the search is a publication pertaining to the “big bangtheory”.

The category window 904 includes a selectable list of keywords parsedfrom the query 906. The GUI 900 includes category selection options 905providing a category tree as illustrated in the category window 904, acategory list and past categories to provide various ways of viewing andselecting categories. The category list may be presented such that whena guide begins typing characters of a category name, a list ofcategories matching the characters including respective subcategories isdisplayed. While the past categories may display a list of categoriesused previously in association with the selected primary keyword orphrase. By clicking on a category in the category window 904 (orselecting a category using the category list or the past categories), aguide or provider may select a new category to be treated as the mostlikely category associated with the query. If a new, “most likely”category is selected, resources to be used for a search may change torecommended resources for the newly selected category. Results receivedfrom the resources may be “dragged and dropped” or otherwise selectedfor sending to a requester for display in the results window 1014 of therequester GUI 1000 (see FIG. 10).

As shown in FIG. 10, the requester (user or Infoseeker™) GUI 1000includes a chat or instant message window 1002, a query box 1004, anunassisted search button 1006, a search with guide button 1008, acategory window 1010, a resources window 1012, a results window 1014 andan advertising window 1016. The chat window 1002 allows a provider(s) tocommunicate with a requester during a search. The category window 1010includes a selectable list of keywords parsed from the query. Thekeyword list may be presented in hierarchical tree structure and may beexpanded by clicking on a keyword to reveal the category(ies) with whichthe keyword is associated. The resources window 1012 displays theresources recommended for the most likely category to which the queryrelates. The resources window 1012 may not be displayed to a requesterwho has requested assistance from a guide by clicking the search with aguide button 1008. By clicking on a category under a keyword in thecategory window 1010, a requester may select a new category to betreated as the most likely category associated with the query. If a new“most likely” category is selected, the resources displayed in theresources window 1012 may change to recommended resources for the newlyselected category. Additionally, advertisement(s) displayed in theadvertisement window 1016 may change to advertisement(s) associated withthe new category.

As shown in FIG. 11, a method 1100 of qualifying keywords in a querystring includes receiving 1102 a query and parsing 1104 the query into nkeywords (which may include individual words, stems of words and/orphrases). By using a loop or initiating multiple tasks 1106, for each ofthe n keywords developed from the parsing 1104, all of the identifiedcategory(ies) with which each keyword is associated are gathered 1108and a category branch is created 1110 for each keyword. Thecategory(ies) gathered during loop 1106 are ranked 1112 and a keywordcategory tree is displayed 1114 in accordance with the ranking.Resource(s) for the most likely category of a keyword are displayed 1116and advertisement(s) for the “most likely” category are displayed 1118.A user, which may be a provider utilizing a provider interface such asthat shown in FIG. 9 or a requester utilizing a requester interface suchas that shown in FIG. 10, may select a category other than the oneranked as the “most likely” category by the system 20 (FIG. 1). If arequester or provider selects a category other than a categoryidentified by the system 20 (FIG. 1), the selected category is treatedas the “most likely” category 1120 and displaying resource(s) 1116 anddisplaying advertisement(s) 1118 are modified to display resource(s) andadvertisement(s) associated with the selected category. A search isconducted 1122 on the query emphasizing the “most likely” category.

The qualification of keywords may be valuable in a number of other ways.For example, qualification of keywords allows for more targetedmonitoring and controlling of advertisements which are associated withparticular keywords. For example, a car rental company could beprevented from attaching advertisements to competitor car rental companykeywords by performing a lookup in the database of all trademarks andpreventing an advertiser from signing up for keyword(s) in its industryunless it owns particular trademark(s).

The disclosed method and system may further use a specialized taxonomyfor querying a database, for example, in looking for “similar” visualpatterns, such as fingerprints, images, and/or faces, etc. Likewiseother matching systems that use different “alphabets” and/or syntax suchas DNA profiles, or variously analyzed images could be used inconjunction with the method and system to help a searcher narrow (orexpand) an area of a query in order to find a more suitable target.

The many features and advantages of the claimed invention are apparentfrom the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by theappended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the claimedinvention that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur tothose skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention tothe exact construction and operation illustrated and described for thedisclosed embodiments, and accordingly all suitable modifications andequivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the claimedinvention. It will further be understood that the phrase “at least oneof A, B and C” may be used herein as an alternative expression thatmeans “one or more of A, B and C.”

1. A method, comprising: ranking a plurality of categories of a keyworddetected in a query submitted by a user; ranking a category based on afrequency of selection by human search assistants; choosing a humansearch assistant based on association of the human search assistant withthe category and the keyword; providing content identifying the query,the keyword and the category to the human search assistant whendetermining that the category is ranked highest; and qualifying thequery based on the category and an action received when the human searchassistant is performing a search for a response to the query.
 2. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein said qualifying is executed priorto triggering the search.
 3. The method according to claim 1,comprising: presenting advertisement information directed to the keywordin accordance with said qualifying based on a bid associated with anadvertisement and the selection.
 4. The method according to claim 1,comprising: tracking descriptions and statistics associated with theplurality of categories of the keyword in context of other keywords inthe query.
 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising: maintaininginformation of a search resource associated with each category of thekeyword, and submitting the query to the search resource whendetermining that the query is qualified based on the category and thekeyword.
 6. The method according to claim 1, comprising: maintainingusage information of the plurality of categories based on previoussearches including by the human search assistant.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 6, wherein the ranking of the category of the keywordis determined based on the usage information.
 8. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said providing is to the human search assistant whoreceives the query, and another human search assistant selects adifferent category, performs a search responsive to the query using aresource associated with the different category, selects a search resultand provides the search result to the user.
 9. The method according toclaim 1, wherein a highest ranking category of the query is determinedby the user.
 10. The method according to claim 1, comprising: displayingthe plurality of categories of the keyword in a predetermined order. 11.The method according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined order isbased on frequency of use of each category of the keyword and afrequently used category is displayed first among the categories of thekeyword.
 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the query includesother keywords and said ranking includes tracking of categorizations ofa phrase including the keyword and determining a contextualcategorization of the keyword based on the phrase.
 13. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the category of the keyword is supplied byan external source.
 14. The method according to claim 1, furthercomprising: notifying human assistants associated with the keyword whendetermining that the category is newly assigned to the keyword.
 15. Themethod of claim 1, comprising: selecting the human search assistantbased on a ranking of the human search assistant for the category whendetermining that a human search assistant registered for the categoryand the keyword is not available.
 16. The method of claim 1, comprising:identifying one of the plurality of categories of the keyword that ismost frequently indicated for the keyword based on a plurality of searchrequests and ratings of search results for the plurality of searchrequests; and displaying the identified category and the keyword for aselection by the human search assistant.
 17. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the category of the keyword is ranked based ongeographical data of a device of the user.
 18. An interface, comprising:a query field for entering a query to be searched, said query includinga keyword associated with a ranked plurality of categories; and aselection control for selecting one or more of the plurality ofcategories of the keyword, displayed via a computer system when thekeyword is contained in the query, said keyword being displayed withcontent identifying the plurality of categories, the query, and thekeyword, when determining that the category is ranked highest for thequery, and wherein the category is ranked based on a frequency ofselection of the category for the keyword by human search assistants,and wherein the keyword is categorized using an action received when ahuman search assistant selected based on the category and the keyword isperforming a search for a response to the query.
 19. A system,comprising: a device transmitting a query for a search; a databasestoring a category associated with a keyword detected in the query; aserver device ranking the category based on a frequency of selection byhuman search assistants, selecting a human search assistant based onassociation of the human search assistant with the category and thekeyword, providing to the human search assistant a display indicating tothe human search assistant the keyword, the query and the category whendetermining that the category is ranked highest, and wherein the keywordis qualified using a category corresponding to an action received whenthe human search assistant is performing a search for a response to thequery.
 20. A method of qualifying a keyword, comprising: receiving aquery of a user indicating the keyword; ranking categorizations of thekeyword; updating the categorizations of the keyword in accordance withinputs from expert human search assistants; tracking frequency of use ofthe categorizations of the keyword based on searches performed by humansearch assistants registered for the keyword or the categorizationsresponsive to queries indicating the keyword; ranking thecategorizations of the keyword based on the updating and the tracking;qualifying the keyword based on a highest ranking categorization of thekeyword; associating a search engine with the categorization by anexpert human search assistant; and sending the keyword or to the searchengine when determining that the user has elected to perform a searchwithout a human search assistant.
 21. A persistent computer readablestorage medium having an instruction stored therein for causing acomputer to execute an operation including qualifying a keyword orphrase, comprising: categorizing a keyword or phrase based on a categoryof the keyword or phrase, said keyword or phrase being detected in aquery submitted by a user; selecting a human search assistant to receivethe query, the human search assistant being associated with the categoryand the keyword or phrase when determining that the category is rankedhighest; selecting the human search assistant based on a ranking of thehuman search assistant for the category when determining that a humansearch assistant registered for the keyword and the category is notavailable; storing usage information of the categorized keyword orphrase in accordance with corresponding use of the category associatedwith the keyword or phrase by human search assistants; ranking thecategory based on a frequency of selection by the human searchassistants; prompting the human search assistant to identify acategorization of the keyword or phrase while the human search assistantis performing a search responsive to the query; and qualifying thekeyword or phrase using a domain corresponding to an action of the humansearch assistant provided with a list of categories of the keyword orphrase in an order based in the stored usage information.
 22. Apersistent computer readable storage medium having an instruction storedtherein for causing a computer to execute an operation includingqualifying a keyword, comprising: associating a resource with a keywordand a category; receiving a query indicating the keyword; ranking theresource based on the category and the keyword; ranking the category ofthe keyword based on statistical information of categories frequentlyindicated for the keyword by human search assistants selected to respondto a plurality of search requests including the keyword; presenting asearch result associated with the resource responsive to the query whendetermining that the category is a highest ranking category of the queryand that the resource is ranked highest for the category and thekeyword; and presenting the search result to a user when determiningthat the user has elected to conduct a search without a human searchassistant.
 23. The medium according to claim 22, wherein the ranking ofthe resource for the category associated with the keyword is based onassociation of the resource with a second keyword and the category. 24.The medium according to claim 22, wherein the ranking is based on alocation of the user and a bid price associated with an advertisement.25. A system, comprising: a user device submitting a query indicating akeyword; a search system comprising a processor ranking categories ofthe keyword based on usage frequency of the categories by human searchassistants while responding to requests indicating the keyword or thecategories, linking a search resource to the category based on aselection of a human search assistant selected by a systemadministrator, delivering content identifying the categories of thekeyword to the user device when determining that a user has elected toperform a search for the query without a human search assistant, andqualifying the keyword using a selection from the content and providinga search result of the resource to the user device when determining thatthe category is ranked highest.